ScalingStacks

Proof. [02YX]

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Proof.

Take families γ1,…,γn,Γ1,…,Γn\gamma_{1},\ldots,\gamma_{n},\Gamma_{1},\ldots,\Gamma_{n} as above over an open neighbourhood UU with the two bases being Poincaré dual, i.e., (γi∩Xb)⋅(Γj∩Xb)=δi​j(\gamma_{i}\cap X_{b})\cdot(\Gamma_{j}\cap X_{b})=\delta_{ij} for b∈Ub\in U. Let γ1∗,…,γn∗\gamma_{1}^{*},\ldots,\gamma_{n}^{*} and Γ1∗,…,Γn∗\Gamma_{1}^{*},\ldots,\Gamma_{n}^{*} be the dual bases for Γ⁡(U,R1​f∗​ℤ)\Gamma(U,R^{1}f_{*}\mathbb{Z}) and Γ⁡(U,Rn−1​f∗​ℤ)\Gamma(U,R^{n-1}f_{*}\mathbb{Z}) respectively. From the choice of γi\gamma_{i}’s, we get local coordinates y1,…,yny_{1},\ldots,y_{n} with d​yi=ωidy_{i}=\omega_{i}, so in particular

δi​j=ωi​(∂/∂yj)=∫γi∩Xbι⁡(∂/∂yj)​ω,\delta_{ij}=\omega_{i}(\partial/\partial y_{j})=\int_{\gamma_{i}\cap X_{b}}\iota(\partial/\partial y_{j})\omega,

hence ι⁡(∂/∂yj)​ω\iota(\partial/\partial y_{j})\omega defines the cohomology class γj∗\gamma_{j}^{*} in H1​(Xb,ℝ)H^{1}(X_{b},\mathbb{R}). Similarly, let

gi​j=−∫Γi∩Xbι(∂/∂yj)ImΩ;g_{ij}=-\int_{\Gamma_{i}\cap X_{b}}\iota(\partial/\partial y_{j})\operatorname{Im}\Omega;

then −ι⁡(∂/∂yj)​Im⁡Ω-\iota(\partial/\partial y_{j})\operatorname{Im}\Omega defines the cohomology class ∑igi​j​Γi∗\sum_{i}g_{ij}\Gamma_{i}^{*} in Hn−1​(Xb,ℝ)H^{n-1}(X_{b},\mathbb{R}), and λi=∑jgi​j​d​yj\lambda_{i}=\sum_{j}g_{ij}dy_{j}. Thus

g⁡(∂/∂yj,∂/∂yk)\displaystyle g(\partial/\partial y_{j},\partial/\partial y_{k}) =\displaystyle= −∫Xbι(∂/∂yj)ω∧ι(∂/∂yk)ImΩ\displaystyle-\int_{X_{b}}\iota(\partial/\partial y_{j})\omega\wedge\iota(\partial/\partial y_{k})\operatorname{Im}\Omega
=\displaystyle= gj​k.\displaystyle g_{jk}.

On the other hand, let yˇ1,…,yˇn\check{y}_{1},\ldots,\check{y}_{n} be coordinates with d​yˇi=λid\check{y}_{i}=\lambda_{i}. Then

∂yˇi/∂yj=gi​j=gj​i=∂yˇj/∂yi,{\partial\check{y}_{i}/\partial y_{j}}=g_{ij}=g_{ji}={\partial\check{y}_{j}/\partial y_{i}},

so ∑yˇi​d​yi\sum\check{y}_{i}dy_{i} is a closed 1-form. Thus there exists locally a function KK such that ∂K/∂yi=yˇi\partial K/\partial y_{i}=\check{y}_{i} and ∂2K/∂yi​∂yj=g⁡(∂/∂yi,∂/∂yj)\partial^{2}K/\partial y_{i}\partial y_{j}=g(\partial/\partial y_{i},\partial/\partial y_{j}). A simple calculation then confirms that ∂Kˇ/∂yˇi=yi\partial\check{K}/\partial\check{y}_{i}=y_{i}. On the other hand,

g⁡(∂/∂yˇi,∂/∂yˇj)\displaystyle g(\partial/\partial\check{y}_{i},\partial/\partial\check{y}_{j}) =\displaystyle= g⁡(∑k∂yk∂yˇi​∂∂yk,∑ℓ∂yℓ∂yˇj​∂∂yℓ)\displaystyle g\left(\sum_{k}{\partial y_{k}\over\partial\check{y}_{i}}{\partial\over\partial y_{k}},\sum_{\ell}{\partial y_{\ell}\over\partial\check{y}_{j}}{\partial\over\partial y_{\ell}}\right)
=\displaystyle= ∑k,ℓ∂yk∂yˇi​∂yℓ∂yˇj​g​(∂/∂yk,∂/∂yℓ)\displaystyle\sum_{k,\ell}{\partial y_{k}\over\partial\check{y}_{i}}{\partial y_{\ell}\over\partial\check{y}_{j}}g(\partial/\partial y_{k},\partial/\partial y_{\ell})
=\displaystyle= ∑k,ℓ∂yk∂yˇi​∂yℓ∂yˇj​∂yˇk∂yℓ\displaystyle\sum_{k,\ell}{\partial y_{k}\over\partial\check{y}_{i}}{\partial y_{\ell}\over\partial\check{y}_{j}}{\partial\check{y}_{k}\over\partial y_{\ell}}
=\displaystyle= ∂yj∂yˇi=∂2Kˇ∂yˇi​∂yˇj.\displaystyle{\partial y_{j}\over\partial\check{y}_{i}}={\partial^{2}\check{K}\over\partial\check{y}_{i}\partial\check{y}_{j}}.

∎

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